Indonesia is a country with vast natural beauty stretching from Sabang to Merouke, diversity of culture and tourism combined with the unique characteristics of each local community. Indonesia is rich in the beauty of nature tourism, marine tourism, cultural tourism, heritage tourism and other attractions.
Indonesia has 4 National parks are included in world heritage recognized by UNESCO, the UN agency of the world.
Indonesia is the largest expanse of tropical forest the world's third largest after Brazil and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Tropical forests are home and the last hideout for a unique living resources of the world. The extent of tropical forest 98 million hectares of Indonesia (estimate forest area in 2000). The data contained in the book Portrait of State Forests Indonesia, FWI / GFW 2001, Bogor, Indonesia, the existing biodiversity in the forests of Indonesia covering 11% of the world's plant species, 10% of species of mammals, and 16% of bird species. Approximately 17,000 islands Indonesia has seven major biogeographic regions and the diversity of habitat types extraordinary.
1. Komodo National Park
Komodo National Park consists of three large islands of Komodo, Rinca and Padar island islands as well as 26 large / small. A total of 11 pieces of the mountain / hill in the Komodo National Park with the highest peak is Mount Satalibo (± 735 m asl). Terrestrial national park is 603 km ² and the total area is 1817 km ².
Natural conditions are dry and arid make a special uniqueness. The existence of a vast savanna, limited water resources and the temperature is hot enough; proved to be a habitat favored by a kind of ancient animal Komodo dragons (Varanus komodoensis). Much of this national park is savanna with palm trees (Borassus flabellifer) the most dominant and distinctive. Some plants that exist in the Komodo National Park, among others, rattan (Calamus sp.), Bamboo (Bambusa sp.), Acid (Tamarindus indica), bulging (Sterculia foetida), lote (Ziziphus jujuba), and mangrove (Rhizophora sp.)
In addition to unique wildlife dragons, there are deer (Cervus timorensis floresiensis), wild boar (Sus scrofa), ajag (Cuon alpinus javanicus), wild horses (Equus qaballus), wild buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), 2 species of turtles, 10 species of dolphins , 6 types of whales and manatees are often seen in marine waters of Komodo National Park
2. Ujung Kulon National Park
Ujung Kulon National Park is representative of tropical rain forest ecosystem remaining lowland and the largest in West Java, and is an ideal habitat for the survival of endangered Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus) and other rare wildlife. There are three types of ecosystems in national parks is the marine ecosystem, swamp ecosystems and terrestrial ecosystems.
Diversity of plants and animals in Ujung Kulon National Park began to be known by the researchers, botanists Netherlands and the UK since 1820. Approximately 700 species of plants is well protected and 57 rare species such as; merbau (Intsia bijuga), palahlar (Dipterocarpus haseltii), Bungur (Lagerstroemia speciosa), luminous (Pterospermum diversifolium), ki rain (Engelhardia serrata) and various species of orchids .
Wildlife in Ujung Kulon National Park consists of 35 species of mammals, 5 types of primates, 59 species of reptiles, 22 species of amphibians, 240 species of birds, 72 species of insects, 142 species of fish and 33 species of coral. Endangered and protected than is the Javan banteng (Bos javanicus javanicus), ajag (Cuon alpinus javanicus), Javan (Presbytis Comata Comata), langur (Trachypithecus auratus auratus), deer (Cervus russa timorensis), leopards (Panthera pardus), stone cats (Prionailurus javanensis bengalensis), gibbon (Hylobates moloch), and giant clams (Tridacna gigas).
3. Lorentz National Park
Lorentz National Park is representative of the complete ecosystem for biodiversity in Southeast Asia and the Pacific. This area is also one among the three regions in the world that have glaciers in the tropics. It stretches from snow-capped mountain peaks (5030 m asl), to stretch out to the coastal waters with mangrove forests and borders the Arafura Sea waters. In this stretch, there is a spectrum of ecological stunning alpine vegetation of the region, sub-alpine, montane, sub-montane, lowland, and wetland
The types of plants in this park include palm (Nypa fruticans), mangrove (Rhizophora apiculata), Pandanus julianettii, Colocasia esculenta, Avicennia marina, Podocarpus pilgeri, and Nauclea coadunata. The types of animals that have been identified in the Lorentz National Park as many as 630 species of birds (± 70% of the bird in Papua) and 123 species of mammals. Bird species characteristic of this national park there are two types of cassowaries, four megapodes, 31 types of virgin / pigeons, 30 species of parrots, 13 species of birds shrimp, 29 species of birds of honey, and 20 endemic species such as long-tailed paradise paradise (Paradigalla caruneulata) and quail snow (Anurophasis monorthonyx).
Wildlife mammals recorded include long snout pig spines (Zaglossus bruijnii), pig snout short spines (Tachyglossus aculeatus), 4 types of cuscus, wallabies, jungle cats, and tree kangaroos.
Tag : world heritage, national park, indonesian heritage
